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Detailed description of Caterpillar 312B excavator:

1. Equipment positioning and basic information

Tonnage and type:

Caterpillar 312B is a 12-ton small crawler backhoe excavator with a working weight of about 12-13 tons and a standard bucket capacity of 0.4-0.6m³. It is mainly used in small and medium-sized earthwork projects, municipal construction, agricultural water conservancy and other scenarios.

Production background:

Designed and produced by Caterpillar, it is an earlier model. Some models entered the market through joint ventures or imports. It is known for its durability and high cost performance.

2. Core parameters and performance

Power system

Engine:

Equipped with Cat® 3054C mechanical diesel engine (or similar model), rated power of about 60-70kW (specific parameters vary slightly depending on year and region), displacement of about 4.4L, meeting early emission standards (such as Tier 2/National II).

Fuel and maintenance:

The fuel tank capacity is about 150-200L, the engine oil replacement volume is 15-18L, and the maintenance cycle is long, which is suitable for small and medium-sized projects with limited budgets.

Hydraulic system

Main pump flow:

The maximum flow of the main pump is about 100-120L/min, the main overflow pressure is 28-30MPa, and it adopts an open hydraulic system, which has strong stability but slightly lower energy efficiency than the later ACERT technology models.

Operation optimization:

The hydraulic pipeline design is simple, and the size of the boom and dipper cylinder is adapted to the needs of small operations (such as the boom cylinder diameter is about 90-100mm), providing basic but reliable digging force.

Operation performance

Digging force and speed:

The bucket digging force is about 80-85kN, and the digging force of the dipper arm is about 50-55kN;

The rotation speed is 10-12rpm, the walking speed is 4.5-5.5km/h (dual speed gear), and the climbing ability is about 60% (30° slope).

Operating range:

Maximum excavation depth 4.5-5.0m, maximum excavation height 7.5-8.0m, suitable for narrow space and conventional earthwork operations.

3. Structural and design features

Dimensions and stability:

Transport dimensions are about 7.2×2.4×2.8 meters (length×width×height), track width 450-500mm, ground pressure ≤35kPa, suitable for soft ground and urban roads.

Cab design:

Basic open or simple closed cab, the operating interface is mainly mechanical control, lacking modern intelligent configuration.

4. Application scenarios and market positioning

Applicable fields:

Farmland water conservancy transformation, small earthwork excavation, pipeline laying and municipal maintenance, due to high flexibility and low cost, it was once a common choice for township projects.

Competitive advantages:

Durability: simple mechanical structure, low failure rate, low price of repair parts;

5. Precautions and limitations

Technical limitations:

The energy efficiency and operating accuracy of the hydraulic system are lower than those of new models (such as 312D/GC series);

Emission standards are backward and may be restricted by environmental protection policies (such as some cities prohibiting equipment below National II).

Maintenance recommendations:

For long-term use, attention should be paid to issues such as engine carbon deposits and hydraulic pipeline aging. It is recommended to replace the filter element and hydraulic oil regularly.